α satellite  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Regenerative Index reveals declining muscle regeneration in paediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.05.697715

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Representative immunofluorescence image of a DMD muscle biopsy stained for IgG (red) and embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMHC, blue), with 500 µm insets showing laminin (green) and automated tracing traces outlining individual fibers (yellow) to determine presence or absence of either eMHC or IgG (see thick white arrows). ( b ) Percentage of eMHC + fibers in individual DMD patients plotted against age at biopsy, showing a weak but statistically significant positive correlation (R 2 = 0.4011, p = 0.0493). ( c ) Percentage of IgG + fibers in DMD patients plotted against age at biopsy, indicating a trend toward increased IgG + fibers with age that does not reach statistical significance (R 2 = 0.349, p = 0.0719). ( d, e ) Comparison of younger (7–8 years) and older (9–11 years) DMD patients shows no significant differences in the proportion of eMHC + fibers ( d ) or IgG + fibers ( e ) (ns, unpaired t test).

Article Snippet: To identify PAX7-expressing satellite cells mouse IgG1 anti-Pax7 hybridroma (DSHB) was thawed at 37C and vortexed for 20 seconds.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Regenerative Index reveals declining muscle regeneration in paediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.05.697715

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Schematic representation of the Regenerative Index (RI), defined as the ratio of newly forming eMHC-positive myofibers to necrotic IgG-positive myofibers. ( b ) Plot of RI versus age at biopsy in DMD patients, showing a strong negative correlation between regenerative index and age (R 2 = 0.789, p = 0.0006; simple linear regression). ( c ) Comparison of RI between younger (7–8 years) and older (9–11 years) DMD patients demonstrates a significantly higher regenerative index in the younger group (***p < 0.001, unpaired t test).

Article Snippet: To identify PAX7-expressing satellite cells mouse IgG1 anti-Pax7 hybridroma (DSHB) was thawed at 37C and vortexed for 20 seconds.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Assessment of X Chromosome Centromere Instability in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Quantitative FISH Approach

doi: 10.3390/cimb47060420

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of the quantitative assessment of FISH signals. ( A ) Nucleus with one spot signal of a specific probe for chromosome X (relative intensity—arrow 0) (PCD−) and two spots (PCD+), chromosome X-specific probe (arrow 1). ( B ) The relative fluorescence intensity of the centromeric signals was measured.

Article Snippet: Cytocell (Cambridge, UK) directly labeled (FITC) α-satellite pancentromeric probes for the X chromosome were applied to the preparations.

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Assessment of X Chromosome Centromere Instability in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Quantitative FISH Approach

doi: 10.3390/cimb47060420

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of the quantitative assessment of FISH signals. ( A ) Nucleus with one spot signal of a specific probe for chromosome X (relative intensity—arrow 0) (PCD−) and two spots (PCD+), chromosome X-specific probe (arrow 1). ( B ) The relative fluorescence intensity of the centromeric signals was measured.

Article Snippet: Cytocell (Cambridge, UK) directly labeled (FITC) α-satellite pancentromeric probes for the X chromosome were applied to the preparations.

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Assessment of X Chromosome Centromere Instability in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Quantitative FISH Approach

doi: 10.3390/cimb47060420

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of the quantitative assessment of FISH signals. ( A ) Nucleus with one spot signal of a specific probe for chromosome X (relative intensity—arrow 0) (PCD−) and two spots (PCD+), chromosome X-specific probe (arrow 1). ( B ) The relative fluorescence intensity of the centromeric signals was measured.

Article Snippet: Cytocell (Cambridge, UK) directly labeled (FITC) α-satellite pancentromeric probes for the X chromosome were applied to the preparations.

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Assessment of X Chromosome Centromere Instability in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Quantitative FISH Approach

doi: 10.3390/cimb47060420

Figure Lengend Snippet: Example of a split signal detected by the quantitative assessment of FISH signals. ( A ) Nucleus with one spot signal of chromosome X-specific probe (relative intensity—arrow 1) (PCD−) and two spots (PCD+), chromosome X-specific probe (arrow 0). ( B ) The relative fluorescence intensity of the centromeric signals was measured.

Article Snippet: Cytocell (Cambridge, UK) directly labeled (FITC) α-satellite pancentromeric probes for the X chromosome were applied to the preparations.

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Assessment of X Chromosome Centromere Instability in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Quantitative FISH Approach

doi: 10.3390/cimb47060420

Figure Lengend Snippet: Example of a split signal detected by the quantitative assessment of FISH signals. ( A ) An AD brain neuron cell counterstained with DAPI with signals of chromosome X (PCD−) and two spots like the chromosome X-specific probe (relative intensity of each spot in pixels), characterizing split signals in the centromere. ( B ) DNA histogram obtained by measuring nuclear DNA content, revealing that both signals 0 and 1 have similar fluorescence intensity, indicating that signal 1 represents a split signal rather than PCD.

Article Snippet: Cytocell (Cambridge, UK) directly labeled (FITC) α-satellite pancentromeric probes for the X chromosome were applied to the preparations.

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Assessment of X Chromosome Centromere Instability in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Quantitative FISH Approach

doi: 10.3390/cimb47060420

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative assessment of X-chromosome FISH signals in interphase nuclei. AD and control cells with confirmed PCD signals. One hundred interphase nuclei from hippocampal neurons were scored for each sample. The percentage of nuclei displaying PCD,X is significantly higher in the AD cases analyzed as compared with the controls ( p < 0.01; Mann–Whitney).

Article Snippet: Cytocell (Cambridge, UK) directly labeled (FITC) α-satellite pancentromeric probes for the X chromosome were applied to the preparations.

Techniques: Control, MANN-WHITNEY